Diagnostic tests can help confirm or rule out the presence of endometrial cancer and determine if it has spread outside the endometrium.
During the pre-diagnosis stage, doctors may begin with a medical history and physical exam, which includes discussing your personal and family medical history, and conducting a pelvic exam to check for sources of abnormal bleeding.
Imaging tests such as transvaginal ultrasound exams allow healthcare providers to assess the uterus, endometrium lining, and detect any unusual spots. A saline infusion sonogram (hysterosonogram) may also be done for more detailed imaging.
If needed, doctors may perform endometrial sampling procedures, such as:
- Endometrial biopsy – using suction to collect a sample of the endometrial lining.
- Dilation and curettage (D&C) – using a spoon-shaped instrument to collect tissues from the uterus.
- Hysteroscopy – inserting a thin, lighted tube into the uterus, often combined with a D&C.
After diagnosis, additional imaging tests like CT, MRI, or PET scans may be ordered to see if the cancer has spread. Genetic and biomarker testing can also provide information about specific proteins, genes, or other substances that help guide treatment decisions.
Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring timely and effective care.
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